Typical instructions for the use and maintenance of fire extinguishers in energy enterprises . Typical instructions for the use and maintenance of fire extinguishers at energy enterprises Appearance and condition of fire extinguisher units
0.1. The document comes into force from the moment of its approval.
0.2. Document developer: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
0.3. Document approved: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
0.4. Periodic verification of this document is carried out at intervals not exceeding 3 years.
1. General Provisions
1.1. The position "Charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category" belongs to the category "Workers".
1.2. Qualification requirements - basic general secondary education and vocational training at work. Advanced training and work experience in the profession of a fire extinguisher charger of the 2nd category - at least 1 year.
1.3. Knows and applies:
- the structure of foam, powder, carbon dioxide and freon aircraft fire extinguishers of various types;
- the chemical composition and properties of the components that are included in the charge of fire extinguishers;
- rules for checking and testing cylinder bodies, valves and safety devices;
- conditions for transporting fire extinguishers;
- types of charging stations;
- the principle of operation of devices and devices used during the charging of fire extinguishers;
- the procedure for issuing technical documentation for charged fire extinguishers.
1.4. The charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category is appointed to the position and dismissed from the position by order of the organization (enterprise / institution).
1.5. Charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category reports directly to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
1.6. Charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category manages the work _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
1.7. The loader of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category during the absence is replaced by a person appointed in the prescribed manner, who acquires the appropriate rights and is responsible for the proper performance of the duties assigned to him.
2. Description of work, tasks and job responsibilities
2.1. Charges and recharges foam, powder, carbon dioxide and freon aircraft fire extinguishers.
2.2. Checks the quality of the charge, serviceability of fittings and safety devices.
2.3. Conducts hydraulic testing of hulls, repairs of cylinders, fittings and safety devices, rejects faulty fire extinguishers.
2.4. Keeps records of charged fire extinguishers and draws up the established technical documentation.
2.5. Maintains charging station equipment, compressors, pumps and appliances during fire extinguisher charging and cylinder testing.
2.6. Performs routine repairs of serviced equipment and participates in more complex types of repairs.
2.7. Knows, understands and applies the current regulatory documents relating to its activities.
2.8. Knows and fulfills the requirements of regulatory acts on labor and environmental protection, complies with the norms, methods and techniques for the safe performance of work.
3. Rights
3.1. Category 3 Fire Extinguisher Charger has the right to take action to prevent and correct any irregularities or non-compliances.
3.2. The charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category has the right to receive all social guarantees provided for by law.
3.3. The charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category has the right to demand assistance in the performance of his duties and the exercise of rights.
3.4. The charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category has the right to demand the creation of organizational and technical conditions necessary for the performance of official duties and the provision of the necessary equipment and inventory.
3.5. The charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category has the right to get acquainted with the draft documents relating to his activities.
3.6. The charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category has the right to request and receive documents, materials and information necessary for the performance of their duties and orders of the management.
3.7. Charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category has the right to improve their professional qualifications.
3.8. The charger of 3rd category fire extinguishers has the right to report all violations and inconsistencies identified in the course of its activities and make proposals for their elimination.
3.9. The charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category has the right to get acquainted with the documents defining the rights and obligations for the position held, the criteria for assessing the quality of the performance of official duties.
4. Responsibility
4.1. The charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category is responsible for non-fulfillment or untimely fulfillment of the duties assigned by this job description and (or) non-use of the rights granted.
4.2. The charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category is responsible for non-compliance with the rules of internal labor regulations, labor protection, safety, industrial sanitation and fire protection.
4.3. The charger of the 3rd category fire extinguishers is responsible for disclosing information about the organization (enterprise/institution) that is a trade secret.
4.4. The charger of the 3rd category fire extinguishers is responsible for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of the requirements of the internal regulatory documents of the organization (enterprise / institution) and the legal orders of the management.
4.5. Charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category is responsible for offenses committed in the course of its activities, within the limits established by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation.
4.6. The charger of the 3rd category fire extinguishers is responsible for causing material damage to the organization (enterprise / institution) within the limits established by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation.
4.7. The loader of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category is responsible for the misuse of the granted official powers, as well as their use for personal purposes.
RUSSIAN OPEN JOINT STOCK COMPANY
ENERGY AND ELECTRIFICATION "UES OF RUSSIA"
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
for use and maintenance
fire extinguishers in power plants
ZAO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
MOSCOW 2008
Developed by: Department of Technical Audit and General Inspection of the Corporate Center of OAO RAO UES of Russia.
Performers: Kamyshev V.N., Lvov M.Yu., Ababkov A.V., Medvedev Yu.I., Zamyslov D.A., Ivanov A.N., Nikonov D.S. ("Mosenergoproekt").
Approved by: Member of the Management Board, Technical Director of OAO RAO "UES of Russia" B.F. Weinzikher 10/23/2007.
Introduction
The Model Instructions provide classification, selection, basic parameters, placement requirements, operating temperature restrictions for portable and mobile fire extinguishers, the procedure for putting fire extinguishers into action, the main tactical methods of working with fire extinguishers when extinguishing a possible fire at a protected facility, personnel actions after extinguishing a fire, the volume and frequency of maintenance of fire extinguishers, safety measures when using and maintaining fire extinguishers.
The standard instruction is intended for use by energy enterprises.
1. General Provisions.
1.1. This instruction establishes requirements for the selection, placement and maintenance of portable and mobile fire extinguishers in energy enterprises.
1.2. In addition to the requirements of this manual, it is necessary to be guided by the current NTD, technical specifications (passports) for this equipment.
1.3. Production, administrative, auxiliary and storage buildings, structures and premises, as well as open production sites or areas must be provided with portable and mobile fire extinguishers in accordance with the requirements of the current NTD.
1.4. Fire extinguishers located in buildings, premises, laboratories, workshops, warehouses and other structures and installations are transferred for safety to the heads of the relevant structural divisions.
1.5. Purchased fire extinguishers must comply with the requirements set forth in GOST R 51057-2001 and GOST R 51017-97.
2. Accepted abbreviations.
OTV - fire extinguishing agent.
OV - water fire extinguisher.
OV(K) - water fire extinguisher with a compact jet.
OV(M) - water fire extinguisher with a finely dispersed spray jet.
OVP - air-foam fire extinguisher.
OVP(N) - air-foam fire extinguisher with low expansion foam.
OVP(S) - air-foam fire extinguisher with medium expansion foam.
OP - powder fire extinguisher.
OS - carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.
OH - freon fire extinguisher.
3. Classification of fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing agent (OTV).
3.1. Fire extinguishers are divided in accordance with GOST R 51057-2001 into portable (weighing up to 20 kg.) And GOST R 51017-97 mobile (weighing at least 20, but not more than 400 kg). Mobile fire extinguishers may have one or more receptacles for charging fire extinguishers mounted on a trolley.
3.2. According to the type of fire extinguishing agent used, in accordance with NPB 166-97, fire extinguishers are divided into:
3.2.1. Water (OV).
3.2.2. Air-foam (OVP).
3.2.3. Powder (OP).
3.2.4. Gas, which are divided into:
Carbon dioxide (OU);
Freon (OH).
3.2.5. Combined.
3.3. Water fire extinguishers according to the type of outgoing jet are divided into:
3.3.1. Compact jet fire extinguishers - OV(K).
3.3.2. Spray jet fire extinguishers (average droplet diameter over 100 microns) - OV(R).
3.3.3. Fire extinguishers with a finely dispersed spray jet (average droplet diameter less than 100 microns) - OV(M).
3.4. Air-foam fire extinguishers according to the parameters of the foam flow they form are divided into:
3.4.1. Low expansion, foam expansion from 5 to 20 inclusive - ORP(N).
3.4.2. Medium expansion, foam expansion over 20 to 200 inclusive - ORP(C).
3.5. According to the principle of displacement of the extinguishing agent, fire extinguishers are divided into:
3.5.1. Zakachnye.
3.5.2. With a cylinder of compressed or liquefied gas.
3.5.3. With gas generating element.
3.5.4. With thermal element.
3.5.5. With ejector.
3.6. According to the value of the working pressure, fire extinguishers are divided into low pressure fire extinguishers (working pressure is lower than or equal to 2.5 MPa at ambient temperature (20 ± 2 ° C) and high pressure fire extinguishers (operating pressure above 2.5 MPa at ambient temperature (20 ± 2) °C).
3.7. According to the possibility and method of restoring the technical resource, fire extinguishers are divided into:
3.7.1. Rechargeable and repairable.
3.7.2. Non-rechargeable.
3.8. By purpose, depending on the type of charged OTV, fire extinguishers are divided in accordance with the requirements of GOST 27331-87 (Appendix):
3.8.1. To extinguish the fire of solid combustible substances (fire class A).
3.8.2. To extinguish the fire of liquid combustible substances (fire class B).
3.8.3. To extinguish the fire of gaseous combustible substances (fire class C).
3.8.4. To extinguish the fire of metals and metal-containing substances (fire class D).
3.8.5. To extinguish fires in electrical installations under voltage (fire class E).
Fire extinguishers can be designed to extinguish several classes of fire.
3.9. Fire extinguishers are ranked depending on their ability to extinguish model fires of various capacities. The rank of the fire extinguisher is indicated on its marking.
3.10. Fire extinguishing powders, depending on the classes of fire that they can extinguish, are divided into:
3.10.1. ABCE type powders - the main active component is phosphorus-ammonium salts.
3.10.2. Powders of the ALL type - the main component of these powders can be sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
3.10.3. Type D powders - the main component is potassium chloride; graphite, etc.
Depending on the purpose, powder compositions are divided into general-purpose powders (such as ABCE, VSE) and special-purpose powders (which, as a rule, extinguish not only class D fires, but also fires of other classes).
3.11. As a surface-active basis for the charge of an air-foam fire extinguisher, foam concentrates of general or special purpose are used. Additionally, the fire extinguisher charge may contain stabilizing additives (to increase the fire extinguishing ability, increase the service life, reduce the corrosiveness of the charge).
3.12. According to the chemical composition, foaming agents are divided into synthetic (hydrocarbon and fluorine-containing) and protein (fluoroprotein).
4. Choice of fire extinguishers
4.1. The number, type and rank of fire extinguishers required to protect a particular facility are established based on the magnitude of the fire load, the physical, chemical and fire hazard properties of circulating combustible materials (the category of the protected premises, determined in accordance with the industry list and according to NPB 105-03), the nature of the possible their interaction with the ITV and the size of the protected object.
4.2. Depending on the charge, powder fire extinguishers are used to extinguish fires of classes ABCE, ALL or class D.
4.3. To extinguish class D fires, fire extinguishers must be charged with a special powder recommended for extinguishing this combustible substance, and equipped with a special dampener to reduce the speed and kinetic energy of the powder jet. The parameters and number of fire extinguishers are determined based on the specifics of the circulating fire hazardous materials, the dispersion of particles and the possible fire area.
4.4. Powder fire extinguishers should not be used to protect equipment that can fail if powder enters (electronic computers, electronic equipment, collector-type electrical machines).
4.6. It is forbidden to use carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to extinguish fires in electrical equipment under voltage above 1 (10) kV, and powder fire extinguishers - under voltage above 1 kV.
4.7. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers with a diffuser that creates a jet of OTV in the form of snow flakes, as a rule, are used to extinguish class A fires.
4.8. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers with a diffuser that creates a gas jet of exhaust gases should be used to extinguish class E fires.
4.9. Freon fire extinguishers should be used in cases where effective fire extinguishing requires fire extinguishing compositions that do not damage protected equipment and objects (computer centers, electronic equipment, museum exhibits, archives, collector-type electrical machines, etc.).
4.10. Air-foam fire extinguishers are used to extinguish class A fires (usually with a barrel of low expansion foam) and class B fires.
4.11. Air-foam fire extinguishers should not be used to extinguish fires in equipment under electrical voltage, to extinguish highly heated or molten substances, as well as substances that enter into a chemical reaction with water, which is accompanied by intense heat release and splashing.
4.12. Water fire extinguishers should be used to extinguish Class A fires.
4.13. It is forbidden to use water fire extinguishers to extinguish fires in equipment under electrical voltage, to extinguish highly heated or molten substances, as well as substances that enter into a chemical reaction with water, which is accompanied by intense heat generation and splashing.
4.14. If a significant fire source is possible at the protected object (the supposed spillage of flammable liquid can occur on an area of more than 1 m 2), mobile fire extinguishers must be used.
4.15. It is allowed to provide premises equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations with fire extinguishers by 50% based on their calculated number.
4.16. When choosing a fire extinguisher, it is necessary to take into account the correspondence of its temperature range of use to the possible climatic conditions of operation at the protected object.
4.17. In matters of selection and placement of fire extinguishers on vehicles, one should be guided by Appendix 4 of NPB 166-97.
4.18. Fire extinguishers must be put into operation in a fully charged and operable condition, with a sealed shut-off and starting device control unit. They must be in their assigned places during the entire time of their operation.
4.19. The choice of the required number of fire extinguishers should be carried out for each room and object separately.
4.20. A person responsible for the acquisition, maintenance and control of the condition of fire extinguishers must be identified at the facility.
4.21. For each fire extinguisher installed at the facility, a passport is issued.
The fire extinguisher is assigned a serial number, which is applied to the fire extinguisher, recorded in the fire extinguisher's passport and in the register of fire extinguishers at the facility in accordance with Appendix 5 and clause 12.4 of NPB 166-97.
Do not use paper labels without protection from possible exposure to OTS or environmental factors.
4.22. The placement of fire extinguishers, as well as their number, is determined by the design organization, specified and approved by the management of the relevant unit of the facility, based on equipment standards and fire hazard of combustible substances and materials.
5. Main parameters of fire extinguishers and restrictions on the operating temperature of fire extinguishers.
5.1. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.
Designed to extinguish the ignition of various combustible substances, the combustion of which cannot occur without air access.
Portable carbon dioxide fire extinguishers with a capacity of 2, 3, 5, 8 and mobile with a capacity of 10, 20, 40, 80 liters can be used to extinguish electrical installations up to 10,000 V (the voltage is indicated in the fire extinguisher's passport).
Are operated at a temperature of -40 - +50 °C. The extinguishing agent is carbon dioxide.
Technical characteristics of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers
|
Fire extinguisher brand |
Capacity, l |
Charge weight, kg |
Charge release time, s |
Fire extinguishing ability |
Dimensions, mm |
Total weight, kg |
|
440' 220 |
||||||
|
500' 220 |
||||||
|
570' 270 |
||||||
|
1000' 570 |
||||||
|
1200' 370 |
||||||
|
1250' 415' 280 |
||||||
|
700' 1650' 400 |
||||||
|
800' 1700' 760 |
* Ranks of the model fire seat:
10V - combustion of 10 liters of gasoline with a layer of 3 cm, located in a baking sheet having the shape of a circle (13V - respectively 13 liters, 34V - 34 liters, etc.).
5.2. Powder fire extinguishers.
5.2.1. Zakachnye.
They are charged with fire extinguishing powder and filled with gas (air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide) with a pressure of up to 16 atm. Designed to extinguish fires of class A, B, C or BC, depending on the type of powder used, as well as electrical installations under voltage up to 1000 V (E).
Equipped with locking devices that provide free opening and closing with a simple movement of the hand. A manometer installed as an indicator on the head of the fire extinguisher shows the degree of efficiency of the fire extinguisher, which is a great advantage over fire extinguishers with a built-in pressure source.
|
Fire extinguisher brand |
Charge weight, kg |
Throw length, m |
Charge release time, s |
Fire extinguishing ability |
Dimensions, mm |
Total weight, kg |
|
285´ 110´ 110 |
||||||
|
350' 170' 130 |
||||||
|
435´ 170´ 130 |
||||||
|
530' 420' 440 |
||||||
|
590' 225' 400 |
||||||
|
1020' 460' 480 |
||||||
|
1090' 640' 630 |
________________
Ranks of the model fire seat:
* 10V - burning 10 liters of gasoline with a layer of 3 cm, located in a baking sheet in the shape of a circle (13V - 13 liters, respectively, 34V - 34 liters, etc.).
** 1A - combustion of a model hearth in the form of wooden bars placed in a cube with a volume of 1/8 m 3; 2A the volume of the cube is 2 times more (1/4 m 3), 4A - 4 times more (1/2 m 3), etc.
Fire extinguishers with a built-in pressure source (gas generator, gas cylinder) are in standby mode without pressure in the fire extinguisher housing. To put them into action, it is necessary to initiate a pressure source and only after 3 seconds to start extinguishing.
Are operated at a temperature of -40 - +50 °C.
Technical characteristics of powder fire extinguishers
|
Fire extinguisher brand |
Charge weight, kg |
Charge release time, s |
Throw length, m |
Dimensions, mm |
Total weight, kg |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
OP-5 (G), (B) |
550' 300' 320 |
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|
OP-10 (G), (B) |
650' 350' 355 |
6.3. In rooms saturated with industrial or other equipment that obscure fire extinguishers, signs of their location should be installed. Pointers must be made and located in prominent places at a height of 2.0 - 2.5 m from the floor level, taking into account the conditions of their visibility and comply with the requirements of the NTD. 6.4. The distance from a possible source of fire to the nearest fire extinguisher is determined by the requirements of the rules, it should not exceed: 6.4.1. 20 m - for public buildings and structures. 6.4.2. 30 m - for rooms of categories A, B and C. 6.4.3. 40 m - for rooms of categories C and D. 6.4.4. 70 m - for rooms of category D. 6.5. It is recommended to install portable fire extinguishers on suspension brackets or in special cabinets. Fire extinguishers should be located so that the main inscriptions and pictograms showing the order of putting them into action are clearly visible and facing outward or in the direction of the most likely approach to them. 6.6. The locking and starting device of fire extinguishers and the cabinet doors (if they are placed in the cabinet) must be sealed. 6.7. Fire extinguishers having a total mass of less than 15 kg must be installed in such a way that their top is located at a height of not more than 1.5 m from the floor; portable fire extinguishers with a total weight of 15 kg or more must be installed so that the top of the fire extinguisher is located at a height of not more than 1.0 m. They can be installed on the floor, with mandatory fixation from possible fall due to accidental impact. 6.8. The distance from the door to the fire extinguisher must be such that it does not interfere with its full opening. 6.9. Fire extinguishers should not be installed in places where temperatures are outside the temperature range indicated on the fire extinguishers. 6.10. Water and foam fire extinguishers installed outdoors or in unheated premises and not intended for operation at negative temperatures must be removed during the cold season (air temperature below +1 ° C). In this case, information about the location of fire extinguishers during the specified period and the location of the nearest fire extinguisher must be placed in their place. 7. The order of activation of fire extinguishers.7.1. To activate portable carbon dioxide fire extinguishers OU-2, OU-5 and OU-8, it is necessary: 7.1.1. Using the transport handle, remove and bring the fire extinguisher to the burning area. 7.1.2. Point the socket at the combustion source and open the shut-off and starting device (valve or lever). The locking and starting device allows you to interrupt the supply of carbon dioxide.
Portable carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-2 consists of:
Portable carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-5 (OU-8) consists of: 7.2. To actuate mobile fire extinguishers of the OU-25 and OU-80 types, it is necessary: 7.2.1. Roll the fire extinguisher to the place of fire and set it to the working position (vertically for OU-25 and obliquely for OU-80). 7.2.2. Unwind the hose and open the shut-off device. 7.2.3. Holding the bell by a special insulated handle, direct the snow mass to the fire.
Mobile carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-25 and OU-80 consists of:
Mobile carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-80 7.3. To activate portable powder fire extinguishers OP-2, OP-5 and OP-10, you must: 7.3.1. Bring the fire extinguisher to the fire. 7.3.2. Pull out the wedge or pin 9. To stop the powder jet, simply lower the lever. Multiple use and intermittent action are allowed. In the working position, the fire extinguisher should be held strictly vertically, without turning it over.
Portable powder fire extinguisher OP-5 consists of: 7.4. Mobile fire extinguishers OP-50 and OP-100 have a transport trolley, working and starting cylinders, as well as a powder supply hose to the fire zone. To activate the fire extinguisher, do the following: 7.4.1. Roll up the fire extinguisher without abrupt overturning at a distance of 5 - 10 m from the source of the fire and set it strictly in a vertical position. 7.4.2. Remove and route the powder supply hose without kinks or twists. 7.4.3. Break the seal and turn the locking head lever until it stops. 7.4.4. After opening the exhaust valve, direct the powder jet into the fire zone in a zigzag motion to achieve greater coverage of the flame by the powder cloud. It is allowed to repeatedly open and close the exhaust valve when extinguishing a fire. After the extinguishing is completed, the pressure in the fire extinguisher must be reduced by opening the exhaust valve. Do not disassemble a pressurized fire extinguisher to reduce the pressure.
Mobile powder fire extinguisher OP-100 consists of: 7.5. To operate portable halon fire extinguishers or their varieties, you should: 7.5.1. Bring them by the handle to the fire. 7.5.2. By pressing the button or lever of the locking and starting device, open the safety membrane.
Portable freon fire extinguisher OUB-ZA (OUB-7A) consists of: 7.6. To activate the OVP-10 portable air-foam fire extinguisher, you must: 7.6.1. Remove the fire extinguisher using the transport handle 6 and bring it to the place of burning. 7.6.2. Break the seal and press the lever of the shut-off and trigger device 8, while the needle opens the cylinder with the working gas, under the action of which the pressure in the body increases and the foam concentrate solution is fed through the siphon tube and hose to the spray barrel 5, where, mixing with the sucked air, an air-mechanical foam of medium expansion is formed. When working, the fire extinguisher must be kept in a vertical position.
Portable air-foam fire extinguisher OVP-10 consists of: 7.7. To activate the OVP-100 mobile fire extinguisher, you must: 7.7.1. Install the fire extinguisher in a vertical position 5 - 6 m from the source of combustion and unwind the hose, avoiding kinks and twists. 7.7.2. Break the seal and open the locking device (valve or lever) of the starting cylinder to failure.
Mobile air-foam fire extinguisher OVP-100 consists of: 7.8. To activate the stationary fire extinguisher OVPU-250 (UVP-250), it is necessary: 7.8.2. Break the seal and fully open the locking device (valve or lever) of the starting cylinder 5.
Stationary air-foam fire extinguisher OVPU-250 (UVP-250) consists of: 8. The volume and frequency of maintenance of fire extinguishers.8.1. Fire extinguishers put into operation must be subject to maintenance, which ensures the maintenance of fire extinguishers in constant readiness for use and the reliable operation of all fire extinguisher components throughout the entire period of operation. Maintenance includes periodic checks, inspections, repairs, testing and recharging of fire extinguishers. 8.2. Periodic checks are necessary to control the condition of the fire extinguisher, control the location of the fire extinguisher and the reliability of its fastening, the possibility of free access to it, the presence, location and readability of the instructions for working with the fire extinguisher. 8.3. Maintenance and repair of fire extinguishers should be carried out in accordance with the operating instructions and the use of the necessary tools, materials by a person appointed by order of the enterprise and who has passed in the prescribed manner a test of knowledge of regulatory and technical documents on the construction and operation of fire extinguishers and the parameters of fire extinguishers, capable of independently carrying out the required volume maintenance of fire extinguishers (if there is a license for this type of activity). 8.4. Fire extinguishers taken out of service for the period of repair, testing or recharging must be replaced by standby fire extinguishers with similar parameters. 8.5.1. The presence of dents, chips, deep scratches on the body, control units, nuts and head of the fire extinguisher. 8.5.2. Condition of protective and paint coatings. 8.5.3. Clear and understandable instructions. 8.5.4. The presence of a sealed safety device. 8.5.5. The serviceability of the pressure gauge or pressure indicator (if it is provided for by the design of the fire extinguisher), the presence of the necessary brand and the pressure in the fire extinguisher of the injection type or in the gas cylinder. 8.5.6. The condition of the flexible hose (if any) and the OTV sprayer (the presence of mechanical damage, traces of corrosion, casting flash or other objects that prevent the free exit of the OTV from the fire extinguisher). 8.5.7. The condition of the running gear and the reliability of fastening the fire extinguisher body on a trolley (for a mobile fire extinguisher), on a wall or in a fire cabinet (for a portable fire extinguisher). Based on the results of the check, the necessary marks are made in the fire extinguisher's passport, it is assigned a serial number, which is applied to the fire extinguisher and recorded in the fire extinguisher register. 8.6. A quarterly check includes an inspection of the installation site of the fire extinguisher and approaches to it, as well as an external inspection of the fire extinguisher (clause 9.5). 8.7. The annual check of the fire extinguisher includes an external inspection of the fire extinguisher (p.), inspection of the place of its installation and approaches to it. During the annual inspection, the amount of leakage of propellant gas from a gas cylinder or OTV from a gas fire extinguisher is monitored. Selective opening of powder fire extinguishers, assessment of the condition of filters, check of the parameters of fire extinguishers and, if they do not meet the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents, recharging of fire extinguishers are carried out. 8.8. If during the check a non-compliance of any parameter of the fire extinguisher with the requirements of the current regulatory documents is found, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of the identified deviations of the parameters and recharge the fire extinguishers. 8.9. In the event that the amount of leakage per year of displacing gas or FTA from a gas fire extinguisher exceeds the limit values determined by the current regulatory documents, such fire extinguishers must be taken out of service and sent for repair and recharging. 8.10. At least once every 5 (10) years (indicated in the fire extinguisher's passport), each carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguisher and propellant gas cylinder must be recharged. Air-foam and water fire extinguishers are recharged annually. 8.11. The checks and tests carried out are noted on the fire extinguisher and in the service certificate. 9. Documentation for fire extinguishers.9.1. For each fire extinguisher installed at the facility, a passport is issued. The fire extinguisher is assigned a serial number, which is applied to the fire extinguisher, recorded in the fire extinguisher's passport and in the register of fire extinguishers at the facility. 9.2. The register of fire extinguishers at the facility should contain the following information: 9.2.1. The brand of the fire extinguisher, the number assigned to it, the date it was put into operation, the place of its installation. 9.2.2. The parameters of the fire extinguisher during the initial inspection (weight, pressure, brand of charged fire extinguisher, notes on the technical condition of the fire extinguisher). 9.2.3. Date of inspection, comments on the condition of the fire extinguisher. 9.2.4. Date of maintenance with the opening of the fire extinguisher. 9.2.5. Date of inspection or replacement of the OTV charge, brand of charged OTV (its concentration for water and foam fire extinguishers), name of the organization that carried out the recharging. 9.2.6. Date of verification of the indicator and pressure fuse, by whom they were checked. 9.2.7. The date of the test of the fire extinguisher and its components for strength, the name of the organization that conducted the test; date of the next scheduled test. 9.2.8. The state of the running gear of the mobile fire extinguisher, the date of its inspection, the shortcomings identified, the planned measures. 9.2.9. Position, surname, name, patronymic and signature of the responsible person. 9.3. The operating passport for a fire extinguisher must contain the following information: 9.3.1. The number assigned to the fire extinguisher. 9.3.2. The date the fire extinguisher was put into service. 9.3.3. Location of the fire extinguisher. 9.3.4. Type and brand of fire extinguisher. 9.3.5. Fire extinguisher manufacturer. 9.3.6. Factory number. 9.3.7. Date of manufacture of the fire extinguisher. 9.3.8. Brand (concentration) of charged OTV:
Notes: * Pressure in the housing of the fire extinguisher or in the gas cylinder (if it is located outside and equipped with a pressure gauge or pressure indicator). ** The mass of the cylinder with liquefied gas to displace the OTV from the fire extinguisher. If the cartridge is located inside the fire extinguisher body, then its mass is determined once a year (for powder fire extinguishers - selectively) and compared with the value indicated in the fire extinguisher passport. 10. Safety measures for the use and maintenance of fire extinguishers.10.1. During the maintenance of fire extinguishers, it is necessary to comply with the safety requirements set forth in the regulatory and technical documentation for this type of fire extinguisher. 10.2. The fire extinguisher loaded into the fire extinguisher and the gas generating device installed in it must have a hygienic certificate (conclusion) of the Russian Federation. 10.3.1. Operate fire extinguishers if dents, blisters or cracks appear on the fire extinguisher body, on the shut-off and starter head or on the union nut, as well as if the connections of the fire extinguisher units are leaking or if the pressure indicator malfunctions. 10.3.2. Carry out any work if the body of the fire extinguisher is under pressure from the propellant gas or fumes. 10.3.3. Fill the housing of the injection fire extinguisher with propellant gas outside the protective enclosure and from a source that does not have a safety valve, pressure regulator and pressure gauge. 10.3.4. Strike the fire extinguisher or the source of propellant gas. 10.3.5. Perform hydraulic (pneumatic) tests of the fire extinguisher and its components outside the protective device that prevents the scattering of fragments and injury to personnel in the event of destruction of the fire extinguisher. 10.3.6. Use open fire or other sources of ignition when handling concentrated solutions of individual foam concentrates (PO-3AI, PO-3NP, SAMPO, GTO-6NP and Morskoy), since they can form explosive mixtures with air. 10.3.7. Perform work with OTV without appropriate respiratory, skin and vision protection. 10.3.8. Discharge freons into the atmosphere or drain foam concentrates without proper processing. 10.4. Persons working with fire extinguishers during their maintenance and charging must comply with the safety and personal hygiene requirements set forth in the regulatory and technical documentation for the relevant fire extinguishers, fire extinguishing agents and sources of propellant gas. 10.5. When extinguishing a fire in a room using gas mobile fire extinguishers (carbon dioxide or freon), it is necessary to take into account the possibility of reducing the oxygen content in indoor air below the limit value and use insulating respiratory protection. 10.6. When extinguishing a fire with powder fire extinguishers, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of high dust content and reduce the visibility of the fire (especially in a small room) as a result of the formation of a powder cloud. 10.7. When extinguishing electrical equipment using gas or powder fire extinguishers, it is necessary to maintain a safe distance (at least 1 m) from the spray nozzle and the fire extinguisher body to live parts. 10.8. When extinguishing a fire with a foam or water fire extinguisher, it is necessary to de-energize the room and equipment. 10.9. The fire extinguisher activation mechanism must be equipped with a locking device to prevent unauthorized actuation. The removal of the locking device must involve operations different from actuating the fire extinguisher. The blocking device must be sealed, have a simple design, so that its deformation or breakage is excluded under arbitrary impact. 10.10. The fire extinguisher and its separate units must not have sharp edges, corners and protruding elements that can cause injury to the operating personnel. 10.11. The socket of a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher with a flexible hose must have a handle to protect the operator's hand from hypothermia. 10.12. A mobile fire extinguisher must be equipped with a safety device against excess pressure above the permissible value (GOST 12.2.085). 10.13. According to the degree of impact on the human body, charges should not exceed the 3rd hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007. 10.14. Charges for air-foam fire extinguishers should not have carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on the human body. 10.15. Formulations containing fluorinated surfactants may have a weak cumulative and skin-resorptive effect. 10.16. When working with air-foam fire extinguishers, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment in accordance with GOST 12.4.011 in order to exclude the possibility of the composition getting on the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes and the gastrointestinal tract. 10.17. During operation and storage, it is necessary to take measures to prevent spillage of liquid charge components. 10.18. Only a fully charged and sealed mobile fire extinguisher, equipped with a tag indicating the date (month and year) of charging, the date of the next control of the parameters of the fire extinguisher and the technical examination of the fire extinguisher, is allowed to be put into operation. 10.19. Fire extinguishing agents that have expired the warranty period of storage or do not meet the requirements of the relevant regulatory and technical documents in their parameters must be subjected to regeneration treatment or disposed of. It is unacceptable to dump or drain OTV without additional processing and pollute the environment. 10.20. Foam concentrates that have lost their original properties and are not subject to regeneration are recommended to be used as wetting agents when extinguishing class A fires or as aqueous solutions when cleaning contaminated metal surfaces. 10.21. Neutralization of biologically "hard" foam concentrates is recommended to be carried out by burning the concentrate in special furnaces or by burying it at a special landfill. 10.22. Substandard fire-extinguishing powder compositions based on phosphorus-ammonium (Pirant-A, PF, P-2ASH, Vekson-AVS, etc.) or chloride-based (PKhK, Vekson-D) can be used as a raw material for fertilizers. Bicarbonate-based powder (PSB-ZM) can be used as an ingredient in cleaning products or to neutralize acidic wastewater. NPB 166-97 PPB 01-03 Fire class characteristics according to GOST 27331 |
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Solid combustibles |
Combustion of solids |
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Flammable liquids |
Combustion of liquid substances |
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combustible gases |
Combustion of gaseous substances |
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Metals and metal-containing substances |
Combustion of metals and metal-containing substances |
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Electrical equipment energized no more ... V |
The object of fire extinguishing is under electrical voltage (the main figure of the pictogram is the sign "Caution! Electric voltage" in accordance with GOST 12.4.026) |
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An example of a symbol for an air-foam fire extinguisher with an OTV charge of 10 liters, pumping, designed to extinguish solid fires (class A fire) and liquid combustible substances (class B fire), model 01, with a hydrocarbon charge:
ORP- 10(3) - AV - 01 (UgPAV) according to GOST R 51057-2001.
An example of a symbol for a powder fire extinguisher loaded with 5 kg of OTV, equipped with a high-pressure cylinder used to create an overpressure of propellant gas in the body of a fire extinguisher designed to extinguish fires of solid (class A fire), liquid (class B fire) and gaseous combustible substances (fire class C), as well as live electrical equipment (fire class E), model 03, intended for use in mines:
OP- 5(6) - ABSE - 03 ( III ) according to GOST R 51057-2001.
An example of a symbol for a powder fire extinguisher charged with 2 kg of OTV, equipped with a gas generating device used to create an overpressure displacing fire extinguisher in the body, designed to extinguish fires of liquid (class B fire) and gaseous combustible substances (class C fire), as well as electrical equipment located energized (fire class E):
OP- 2(d)- ALL according to GOST 51057-2001.
An example of a symbol for an air-emulsion fire extinguisher with a fluorine charge of 5 liters, with a high-pressure cylinder used to create an overpressure of propellant gas in the fire extinguisher body, designed to extinguish fires of solid (class A fire) and liquid combustible substances (class B fire) :
OVE- 5(6) - AB- 03 (Fluorosurfactant).
An example of the designation of a water fire extinguisher with a fine jet, with a charge volume of 5 liters of OTV, with a high-pressure gas cylinder used to create an overpressure of the propellant gas in the body of a fire extinguisher designed to extinguish solid fires (class A fire) and liquid combustible substances (fire class B):
0V- 5(6) - AV "Borey" according to GOST R 51057-2001.
An example of a symbol for a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, with an OTV charge mass of 2 kg, designed to extinguish fires of liquid combustible substances (class B fire), gaseous combustible substances (class C fire) and fires of electrical equipment under voltage (class E fire):
Laboratory work number 16.
Objective: learn how to perform the simplest actions when working with fire extinguishers.
Brief theoretical information: Fire extinguishers are portable (or mobile) devices for extinguishing a fire by releasing a stored extinguishing agent. They are the most widespread and affordable fire extinguishing agents. They are recommended for extinguishing fires at workplaces in the technological processes of a number of industries, in residential premises, in public and industrial buildings, in transport, etc., which is why they are the primary means of fire extinguishing.
In order to ensure the high-quality operation of fire extinguishers in the fire department, PTORZ is organized - a maintenance, repair and charging point.
It is expedient to place PTORZ at detachments or units of the technical service in order to use an already existing repair base. To organize PTORZ, it is enough to have a room with a total area of 40-45 m 2 and 2-3 people for attendants. The whole complex of works on maintenance, repair and charging of fire extinguishers is carried out only by persons who have undergone special training and have permission to do so.
Test questions:
1. Provide requirements for an organization that maintains fire extinguishers.
2. Provide a list of fire extinguisher maintenance work.
3. Give the requirements of labor protection rules for the maintenance of fire extinguishers.
1. Organizations or enterprises engaged in the maintenance of fire extinguishers (hereinafter referred to as the organization) must have a license from the state fire service to carry out this type of work.
The organization must have qualified personnel who have undergone special training in the handling of pressure vessels, maintenance and safe work with fire extinguishers, who knows the current regulatory and technical documentation for fire extinguishers, sources of propellant gas and the types of fire extinguishers used.
The organization for carrying out maintenance work on fire extinguishers must have a workroom equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation (in accordance with current regulations) and the necessary storage facilities.
The organization must have the containers necessary to collect the remnants of fire extinguishers unloaded from fire extinguishers.
The organization carrying out work on recharging fire extinguishers, as a rule, must have the necessary equipment for the regeneration or disposal of fire extinguishers.
The organization must have the necessary tools for dismantling and repairing fire extinguishers and a safe source of lighting (with a supply voltage of not more than 36 V) for internal inspection of fire extinguishers.
The organization must have safe certified equipment for checking the main parameters of fire extinguishers, fire extinguishers and testing fire extinguishers and their components.
For safety reasons, test equipment should be located in a separate room.
The organization must have a chamber for drying and painting fire extinguishers, a safe system for charging fire extinguishers and cylinders with dry gas, equipment for monitoring the mass and tightness of gas cylinders and fire extinguishers.
The organization must have the necessary set of labels or tags (clause 12.2), which indicate information about the work performed, the date they were carried out, the brand of the OTV charged into the fire extinguisher, the name of the organization and its legal address.
2. Maintenance includes periodic checks, inspections, repairs, testing and recharging of fire extinguishers.
1. Putting the fire extinguisher into operation.
Before the fire extinguisher is put into operation, it must be subjected to an initial inspection, during which an external inspection is carried out, the complete set of the fire extinguisher and the condition of its installation site are checked (the visibility of the fire extinguisher or the indicator of its installation site, the possibility of free access to it), as well as the readability and intelligibility of the instructions for working with a fire extinguisher. During the external inspection, attention should be paid to:
the presence of dents, chips, deep scratches on the body, control units, nuts and fire extinguisher head;
condition of protective and paint coatings;
the presence of clear and understandable instructions;
the presence of a sealed safety device;
serviceability of the manometer or pressure indicator (if it is provided for by the design of the fire extinguisher), the presence of the necessary stamp and the pressure in the fire extinguisher of the injection type or in the gas cylinder;
the mass of the fire extinguisher, as well as the mass of the fire extinguisher in the fire extinguisher (the latter is determined by calculation);
the condition of the flexible hose (if any) and the OTV sprayer (presence of mechanical damage, traces of corrosion, casting flash or other objects preventing the free exit of the OTV from the fire extinguisher);
the condition of the chassis and the reliability of fastening the fire extinguisher body on the trolley (for a mobile fire extinguisher), on a wall or in a fire cabinet (for a portable fire extinguisher).
Based on the results of the check, the necessary marks are made in the fire extinguisher's passport, it is assigned a serial number, which is applied to the fire extinguisher and recorded in the fire extinguisher register.
2. Quarterly check.
A quarterly inspection includes an inspection of the place where the fire extinguisher is installed and approaches to it, as well as an external inspection of the fire extinguisher (as during commissioning).
3. Annual check.
The annual check of the fire extinguisher includes an external inspection of the fire extinguisher (as during commissioning), an inspection of the place of its installation and approaches to it.
During the annual inspection, the amount of leakage of propellant gas from a gas cylinder or OTV from a gas fire extinguisher is monitored. The fire extinguishers are opened (full or selective), the condition of the filters is assessed, the parameters of the fire extinguisher are checked and, if they do not meet the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents, the fire extinguishers are recharged.
In case of increased fire hazard of an object (rooms of category A, B) or when fire extinguishers are exposed to such unfavorable factors as positive (above 40 ° C) or negative (below minus 40 ° C) ambient temperature close to the limit value, air humidity is more than 90 % (at 25°C), corrosive environment, exposure to vibration, etc., fire extinguisher inspection and control of fire extinguishers should be carried out at least once every 6 months.
If during the check a non-compliance of any parameter of the fire extinguisher with the requirements of the current regulatory documents is found, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of the identified deviations of the parameters and recharge the fire extinguishers.
In the event that the amount of leakage per year of the displacing gas or FTA from a gas fire extinguisher exceeds the limit values \u200b\u200bdetermined in clause 5.7 of NPB 155 or clause 5.10 of NPB 156, such fire extinguishers must be taken out of service and sent for repair and recharging.
4. Reloading fire extinguishers.
At least once every 5 years each fire extinguisher and cylinder with a propellant gas must be discharged, the fire extinguisher body must be completely cleaned of the remnants of fire extinguishing agents, an external and internal inspection, as well as a hydraulic strength test and pneumatic testing for tightness of the fire extinguisher body, starting head, hose and locking device, have been carried out.
All fire extinguishers must be recharged immediately after application or if the amount of leakage of the gas exhaust gas or propellant gas per year exceeds the allowable value.
Powder extinguishers during the annual technical inspection selectively(at least 3% of the total number of fire extinguishers of the same brand) are disassembled and the main operational parameters of the fire extinguishing powder are checked (appearance, the presence of lumps or foreign objects, flowability when poured by hand, the possibility of destroying small lumps to a dusty state when they fall from a height of 20 cm, moisture content and fineness). In the event that at least one of the parameters of the powder does not meet the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, all fire extinguishers of this brand must be recharged.
Powder fire extinguishers used to protect vehicles, must be checked in full at intervals at least once every 12 months.
Powder fire extinguishers installed on vehicles outside the cockpit or saloon and exposed to adverse climatic and (or) physical factors should recharge at least once a year, other fire extinguishers installed on vehicles, at least once every two years.
About the inspections and tests carried out a mark is made on the fire extinguisher, in his passport and in the register of fire extinguishers.
About the recharging of the fire extinguisher, an appropriate mark on the fire extinguisher(using a label or tag attached to the fire extinguisher), as well as in his passport.
Fire extinguishers sent from the factory for recharging must be replaced with an appropriate number of charged fire extinguishers.
Organizations or enterprises engaged in the maintenance of fire extinguishers, must be licensed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for this type of work.
3. During the maintenance of fire extinguishers, it is necessary to comply with the safety requirements set forth in the regulatory and technical documentation for this type of fire extinguisher.
It is forbidden:
Operate fire extinguishers if there are dents, blisters or cracks on the fire extinguisher body, on the shut-off and starter head or on the union nut, as well as in case of leakage of the connections of the fire extinguisher units or if the pressure indicator malfunctions;
Carry out any work if the body of the fire extinguisher is under the pressure of the propellant gas or vapors of fire extinguishing agents;
Fill the body of the injection fire extinguisher with propellant gas outside the protective enclosure and from a source that does not have a safety valve, pressure regulator and pressure gauge;
Striking a fire extinguisher or a source of propellant gas;
Perform hydraulic (and even more so pneumatic) tests of the fire extinguisher and its components outside the protective device that prevents the scattering of fragments and injury to the staff in the event of the destruction of the fire extinguisher;
Use open fire or other sources of ignition when handling concentrated solutions of individual foaming agents (PO-3AI, PO-3NP, SAMPO, PO-6NP and "Marine"), since they can form explosive mixtures with air;
Perform work with OTV without appropriate respiratory, skin and vision protection;
Discharge freons into the atmosphere or drain foam concentrates without proper processing.
Persons working with fire extinguishers during their maintenance and charging must comply with the safety and personal hygiene requirements set forth in the regulatory and technical documentation for the relevant fire extinguishers, extinguishing agents and sources of propellant gas.
Similar information.
1.1 This job description defines the functional duties, rights and responsibilities of the fire extinguisher charger.
1.2 The fire extinguisher charger belongs to the category of specialists.
1.3 The charger of fire extinguishers is appointed to the position and dismissed from the position in accordance with the established procedure by the current labor legislation by order of the director of the enterprise.
1.4 Relationships by position:
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1.4.1 |
direct submission |
Head of the institution |
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1.4.2. |
Additional submission |
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1.4.3 |
Gives orders |
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1.4.4 |
The employee replaces |
Person appointed by order of the director of the enterprise |
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1.4.5 |
The employee replaces |
- Qualification requirements for the fire extinguisher charger:
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2.1. |
Education* |
Vocational |
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2.2. |
work experience |
At least 1 year |
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2.3. |
knowledge |
the principle of operation of foam, powder carbon dioxide and freon aircraft fire extinguishers of various types; the purpose and conditions for the use of tools and instrumentation during testing and loading of fire extinguishers; properties of chemical charges, rules for their transportation and conservation; methods of discharging and loading fire extinguishers, painting and repairing hulls and fittings. |
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2.4. |
skills |
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2.5. |
Additional requirements |
For the charger of fire extinguishers of the 3rd category |
Requirements for a fire extinguisher charger:
2nd category: Vocational education or complete general secondary education and vocational training at work. No work experience requirements.
- Documents regulating the activities of the fire extinguisher charger
3.1 External documents:
Legislative and regulatory acts relating to the work performed.
3.2 Internal documents:
Charter of the enterprise, Orders and instructions of the director of the enterprise (head of the civil defense department); Regulations on the division, Job description of the charger of fire extinguishers, Internal labor regulations.
- Job Responsibilities of a Fire Extinguisher
4.1. Charges and recharges foam powder, carbon dioxide and freon aircraft fire extinguishers.
4.2. Checks the quality of the charge, serviceability of fittings and warning devices.
4.3. Conducts hydraulic testing of hulls, repairs of cylinders, fittings and warning devices, rejects faulty fire extinguishers.
4.4. Keeps records of charged fire extinguishers and draws up the established technical documentation.
4.5. Serves the equipment of the charging station, compressors, pumps and instruments during loading of fire extinguishers and testing of cylinders.
4.6. Performs current repairs of serviced required equipment and takes part in more complex types of repairs.
- Fire extinguisher charger rights
The fire extinguisher charger has the right to:
5.1. Get acquainted with the draft decisions of the management of the enterprise relating to its activities.
5.2. Submit proposals for improvement of the work related to the responsibilities provided for in this instruction for consideration by the management.
5.3. Within the limits of his competence, report to his immediate supervisor about all the shortcomings identified in the course of his activities and make proposals for their elimination.
5.4. To request personally or on behalf of his/her immediate supervisor from the heads of departments of the enterprise and specialists information and documents necessary for the performance of their duties.
5.5. Require the management of the enterprise to assist in the performance of their duties and rights.
- Responsibility of the fire extinguisher charger
The fire extinguisher charger answers:
6.1. For improper performance or non-performance of their official duties provided for by this job description - within the limits determined by the current labor legislation of Ukraine.
6.2. For offenses committed in the course of carrying out their activities - within the limits determined by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation of Ukraine.
6.3. For causing material damage - within the limits determined by the current labor and civil legislation of Ukraine.
- Working conditions for a fire extinguisher charger
The operating mode of the fire extinguisher charger is determined in accordance with the Internal Labor Regulations established at the enterprise.
- Terms of payment
The terms of remuneration for a fire extinguisher charger are determined in accordance with the Regulations on remuneration of personnel.
9 Final provisions
9.1 This Job Description is made in two copies, one of which is kept by the Company, the other by the employee.
9.2 Tasks, Responsibilities, Rights and Responsibilities may be specified in accordance with the change in the Structure, Tasks and Functions of the structural unit and workplace.
9.3 Changes and additions to this Job Description are made by order of the General Director of the enterprise.
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Head of the structural subdivision |
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(signature) |
(surname, initials) |
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AGREED: |
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Head of the legal department |
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(signature) |
(surname, initials) |
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00.00.0000 |
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Familiarized with the instructions: |
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(signature) |
(surname, initials) |
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00.00.00 |
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Instructions for the use of fire extinguishers
Content
1. General information
2. Actions of an employee of the organization in case of fire or signs of burning (smoke, smell of burning, temperature rise, etc.)
6. Disadvantages of fire extinguishers.
7. General features of using a fire extinguisher
OTV - fire extinguishing agent
OP - powder fire extinguisher
OS - carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
1. General information.
1.1. Depending on the type of charged fire extinguisher, fire extinguishers are used to extinguish one or more classes of fires, the symbols of which are indicated on the labels of fire extinguishers:
1.2. Portable fire extinguishers used in the organization, depending on the used fire extinguisher, are subdivided into the following types:
- powder (OP):
- gas, including: carbon dioxide (OC).
2. Actions of an employee of the organization in case of fire or signs of burning (smoke, smell of burning, temperature increase, etc.):
2.1. Stop working;
2.2. Turn off electrical equipment;
2.3. Report the incident by phone 01 or from a mobile phone 112 to the fire brigade, while you must give the address of the object, the place of the fire, your last name;
2.4. Take, if possible, measures to evacuate people, extinguish the fire with primary fire extinguishing equipment, and preserve inventory items.
3. Comparative characteristics of OP and OU
4. Features of extinguishing fires and fires.
4.1. Powder fire extinguisher
4.1.1. Powder ejection time is 6 to 15 seconds.
4.1.2. When extinguishing fires with powder fire extinguishers, the fire is eliminated as soon as the burning zone is surrounded by a cloud of powder of the required concentration, in addition, the powder cloud has a shielding property, which makes it possible to approach the burning object at close range.
4.1.3. At the very beginning of extinguishing, one should not get too close to the source of the fire, because due to the high speed of the powder jet, there is a strong suction (ejection) of air, which only inflates the flame above the source. In addition, when extinguishing from a short distance, scattering or spraying of burning materials with a powerful jet of powder can occur, which will not lead to extinguishing, but to an increase in the area of the fire.
4.1.4. Powder fire extinguishers are not allowed to extinguish electrical equipment that is energized above 1000 V.
4.1.5. Powder fire extinguishers should not be used to protect equipment that could be damaged by powder (certain types of electronic equipment, collector-type electrical machines, etc.).
4.1.6. Powder fire extinguishers due to the high dust content during their operation and, as a result, the sharply deteriorating visibility of the fire and escape routes, as well as the irritating effect of the powder on the respiratory system, are not recommended for use in small rooms (less than 40 cubic meters).
4.2. carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
4.2.1. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers must not be used to extinguish fires in electrical equipment energized above 10 kV.
4.2.2. A carbon dioxide fire extinguisher equipped with a metal bell should not be used to extinguish fires in electrical equipment under voltage.
4.2.3. When using carbon dioxide fire extinguishers of all types, it is forbidden to hold the bell with an unprotected hand, since when carbon dioxide escapes, a snow-like mass is formed with a temperature of minus 60-70 ° C.
4.2.4. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be used in cases where effective fire extinguishing requires fire retardants that do not damage equipment and objects (computer centers, electronic equipment, etc.).
4.2.5. When using carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, it must be borne in mind that carbon dioxide in high concentrations in the volume of the room can cause poisoning of personnel, therefore, after using carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, small rooms should be ventilated.
4.2.6. Before using mobile carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, you should limit the number of service personnel who are in the room.
5. Actuation of the fire extinguisher.
5.1. Powder extinguisher.
5.1.1. To activate manual powder fire extinguishers, it is necessary to bring the fire extinguisher to the fire, shake it, then pull out the wedge or pin, sharply press the punch (button with a needle) with your hand to the stop and release it. The exposure time of the fire extinguisher from the moment the punch is pressed to the start of the supply of fire extinguishing powder must be at least 3-5 seconds. Then press the start lever and send a stream of powder into the fire, taking into account the direction of the wind. To stop the powder jet, just release the lever.
5.1.2. Multiple use and intermittent action are allowed.
5.1.3. Direct a jet of fire extinguishing powder at an angle of 20-30 °C to the burning surface.
5.2. carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
5.2.1. To activate manual carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, it is necessary to bring the fire extinguisher to the fire, break the seal and pull out the pin, move the bell to a position convenient for the operator, approach the fire at a safe distance indicated on the fire extinguisher label and press the lever.
5.2.2. The lever allows you to interrupt the supply of carbon dioxide.
6. Disadvantages of fire extinguishers.
6.1. Powder fire extinguisher:
? the absence of a cooling effect during extinguishing, which can lead to repeated self-ignition of already extinguished fuel from heated surfaces;
? the difficulty of extinguishing a fire due to a sharp deterioration in the visibility of the source and evacuation exits (especially in small rooms);
? danger to human health due to the formation of a powder cloud during the extinguishing process;
? damage to equipment and materials due to significant powder contamination of surfaces;
? the possibility of failures in operation due to the formation of plugs due to the ability to clumping and caking of powders during storage;
? the possibility of the appearance of static electricity discharges during the operation of powder fire extinguishers with a nozzle made of polymeric materials, which narrows the scope of their application.
6.2. carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
? in high concentrations, carbon dioxide is dangerous to human health;
? the possibility of the appearance of significant thermal stresses in structures when they are exposed to a fire extinguishing agent with a relatively low sub-zero temperature and, as a result, they lose their bearing capacity;
? the possibility of the appearance of static electricity discharges on the socket when the fire extinguishing composition leaves the fire extinguisher;
? danger of frostbite in contact with the metal parts of the fire extinguisher or jet;
? strong dependence of the intensity of the output of the fire extinguishing agent on the ambient temperature.
7. General features of the use of fire extinguishers
7.1. Not allowed:
7.1.1. Operate the fire extinguisher if dents, blisters or cracks appear on the fire extinguisher body, on the shut-off and starter head or on the union nut, as well as in case of leakage of the connections of the fire extinguisher units or if the pressure indicator malfunctions.
7.1.2. Place fire extinguishers near heating appliances, allow direct sunlight on cylinders.
7.1.3. Strike the fire extinguisher or the source of propellant gas.
7.1.4. When working, direct the OTV jet towards people standing close by.
7.2. General rules for extinguishing fires:
7.2.1. Before extinguishing a fire, determine the class of fire and use the most suitable fire extinguisher (according to the label of the fire extinguisher).
7.2.2. Extinguish the seat of fire from the windward side, starting from its front edge, gradually moving deeper
7.2.3. Start extinguishing spilled flammable and combustible liquids from the leading edge, directing a jet of powder to a burning surface, and not to a flame;
7.2.4. Extinguish burning liquid pouring from a height from top to bottom.
7.2.5. Extinguish a burning vertical surface from top to bottom.
7.2.6. If there are several fire extinguishers, they must be used at the same time.
7.2.7. Do not bring a class E fire extinguisher near a burning electrical installation within the distance indicated on the extinguisher label.
7.2.8. Make sure that the extinguished hearth does not flare up again (never turn your back on it).
7.2.9. After use, the fire extinguisher must be sent for recharging.